Mac OS 101: Keyboard Shortcuts

The Mac OS has many keyboard shortcuts and special key sequences. From changing extension sets at startup to closing all windows and removing open pop-up tabs, shortcuts allow both beginning and experienced Mac users to accomplish a plethora of tasks. Some of my favorite keyboard shortcuts follow.

Note that listings are in the following format:

Action: Shortcut

Shortcuts are also listed in abbreviated form. For example:

Find the original to an alias: Command + R.

Obviously, to perform the shortcut, the alias would have to be selected first and then Command + R would be pressed to locate the original.

Many of the following shortcuts are version agnostic although some are only available in OS 8.x and above.

Applications
Collapse all application windows in a particular application Option + double click on the title bar
Force quit an application Command + Option + Esc


Application Switcher
Change the icon size Option while clicking on the zoom box
Change the orientation Option + Shift while clicking on the zoom box


Chooser
Clear the Chooser cache Command + Option while launching the Chooser


Control Panels
CloseView On/Off Command + Option + K
Easy Access Mouse Keys On/Off Command + Shift + Clear
Easy Access Sticky Keys On/Off Shift five times (in a row) without moving the mouse
Startup Memory Tests Command + Option while launching Memory Control Panel. Select off under Startup Memory Tests to disable.


Control Strip
Move the Control Strip Option while dragging
Reorder the items in the Control Strip Option while clicking and dragging an item


Dialogs
Change the current location to the desktop in an open dialog window Command + D
Close an open dialog window Esc
Move up a level in the file hierarchy in an open dialog window Command + the Up Arrow


Finder
Align an icon to the nearest grid point Command while dragging icon
Close all open windows Option while clicking on close button
Close all windows and remove pop-up tabs Command + Option + Shift + W
Close pop-up window and remove its tab Command + Shift + W while in the pop-up window
Collapse a selected uncollapsed folder in list view Command + Left Arrow
Copy an item to a specific location Option while dragging item to location
Create an alias in a specific location Command + Option while dragging item to location
Delete an object (Move to Trash) Command + Delete
Delete locked items in the Trash Option and select Empty Trash
Eject selected removable media Command + Y
Enlarge a window to its full size Option click on the zoom box
Find the original to an alias Command + R
Move a Finder window without making it active Command + drag the window
Move from icon to icon alphabetically Tab
Open a selected icon's enclosing disk or folder and close the current window Command + Option + Up Arrow
Return an object in the trash to its original location Command + Y
Scroll a Finder window Command + drag in an empty area of the window
Select the startup disk Command + Shift + the Up Arrow
Uncollapse a selected collapsed folder in list view Command + Right Arrow


Floppies
Eject a floppy Command + Shift + 1
Erase a floppy upon insertion Command + Option + Tab


Ligatures (two letters running together)
Produce an ae ligature Option + Apostrophe
Produce a fi ligature Shift + Option + 5
Produce a fl ligature Shift + Option + 6


Restart/Shutdown
Fast Shutdown Control + Command + Option + Keyboard Power Key
Restart Power Key on the keyboard + R
Restart Control + Command + Keyboard Power Key


Screen Shots
Create a picture of a portion of your screen to clipboard Command + Control + Shift + 4
Create a picture of a portion of your screen to disk Command + Shift + 4
Create a picture of a specific window to clipboard Command + Control + Shift + 4 + CapsLock and click
Create a picture of a specific window to disk Command + Shift + 4 + CapsLock and click
Screen shot to clipboard Command + Control + Shift + 3
Screen shot to disk Command + Shift + 3


While Starting Up
Boot from CD C
Bypass the startup disk and boot from another volume Command + Option + Shift + Delete
Change Extension Sets Space
Close Finder windows Option
Disable Extensions Shift
Disable Startup Items Shift after Extensions have loaded as your Desktop appears
Disable Virtual Memory Command
Rebuild Desktop Command + Option
Select boot drive (slot loading iMac, iBook or G4) Option
Zap the PRAM Command + Option + P + R